O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes soluções irrigadoras na resistência adesiva do Real Seal à dentina radicular. Trinta dentes monorradiculares foram divididos em 3 grupos: Grupo 1 - os dentes foram irrigados com 3 mL de NaOCl 2,5% após cada troca de instrumento, irrigados com EDTA 17% por 3 min e lavagem final com NaOCl 2,5%. Nos Grupos 2 e 3, o NaOCl foi substituído por digluconato de clorexidina 2% (CHX) e solução salina 0,9%, respectivamente. Cada raiz foi seccionada transversalmente nos terços apical, médio e cervical para obter fatias de 2 mm de espessura. Cada slice foi obturado com Real Seal e Resilon. Teste de push-out foi usado para analisar a resistência adesiva e os padrões de falha foram classificados como adesiva, coesiva e mista de acordo com MEV. O teste de push-out não revelou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os irrigantes (p<0,05). Porém, os grupos exibiram diferentes valores de resistência adesiva de acordo com o terço radicular (p>0,05). Maior resistência adesiva foi observada na região apical quando comparado com o terço cervical, enquanto que o terço médio apresentou valores intermediarios. Quinze espécimes foram analisados através de MEV (5 por grupo). Onze espécimes exibiram falhas adesivas (5 no grupo da solução salina, 4 no grupo NaOCl e 2 na CHX); duas falhas coesivas foram observadas no grupo CHX e uma falha mista foi observada no grupo da CHX e uma no NaOCl. Os irrigantes testados não influenciaram a resistência adesiva do Resilon e do Real Seal à dentina radicular. O terço apical apresentou maior resistência adesiva e falhas adesivas foram predominantes para todos os grupos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different irrigants on sealer-dentin bond strength when using Real Seal. Thirty single-rooted teeth were divided into 3 groups. In one group, the teeth were irrigated with 3 mL of 2.5% NaOCl after each file change, flushed with 17% EDTA for 3 min and finally rinsed with 3 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. In the other two groups, rinse with NaOCl was replaced with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and 0.9% saline, respectively. Each root was sectioned transversally into apical, middle and coronal thirds to obtain 2-mm-thick slices. Each slice was filled with Real Seal and Resilon. Push-out test was used to analyze bond strength and failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive or mixed, according to SEM observations. The push-out test did not reveal any statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the irrigants. However, the groups exhibited significantly different (p<0.05) bond strengths in terms of the root canal third. Higher bond strength was observed at the apical third when compared with coronal third, while middle third presented intermediary values. Fifteen specimens were analyzed by SEM (5 per group). Eleven specimens exhibited adhesive failures (5 in saline, 4 in NaOCl and 2 in CHX group); 2 cohesive failures were observed in the CHX group, and 1 mixed failure each was observed in the CHX and NaOCl groups. The tested irrigants did not influence the bond strength of Resilon and Real Seal to dentin. The apical third exhibited higher mean bond strengths and adhesive failures were predominant.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of high-dose sequential chemotherapy in a Brazilian population. METHODS: High-dose cyclophosphamide followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective and feasible therapy for refractory/relapsed lymphomas; this regimen has never before been evaluated in a Brazilian population. All patients (106 with high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 77 with Hodgkin's lymphoma) submitted to this treatment between 1998 and 2006 were analyzed. Chemotherapy consisted of the sequential administration of high-dose cyclophosphamide (4 or 7 g/m²) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (300 µg/day), followed by peripheral blood progenitor cell harvesting, administration of etoposide (2g/m²) and methotrexate (8 g/m² only for Hodgkin's lymphoma) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. RESULTS: At diagnosis, non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients had a median age of 45 (range: 8-65) years old, 78% had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 83% had stage III/IV disease. The Hodgkin's lymphoma patients had a median age of 23 (range: 7-68) years old, 64.9% had the nodular sclerosis subtype and 65% had stage III/IV disease. Nine Hodgkin's lymphoma patients (13%) and 10 (9%) non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients had some kind of cardiac toxicity. The overall survival, disease-free survival and progression-free survival in Hodgkin's lymphoma were 29%, 59% and 26%, respectively. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma, these values were 40%, 49% and 31%, respectively. High-dose cyclophosphamide-related mortality was 10% for Hodgkin's lymphoma and 5% for non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. High-dose cyclophosphamide dosing had no impact on toxicity or survival for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a greater prevalence of poor prognostic factors, our results are comparable to the literature. The incidence of secondary neoplasias is noteworthy. Our study suggests that this approach is efficient and feasible, regardless of toxicity-related mortality.

There is little information about the knowledge and attitudes of physicians regarding oral care. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of obstetricians about the relationship between periodontal disease and preterm/low birth weight. A questionnaire was emailed to members of the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FEBRASGO). The questionnaire elicited both personal information and knowledge and attitudes regarding the relationship between periodontal diseases and preterm labor. A total of 875 obstetricians responded to the questionnaire. The majority of respondents were female (54.1%), resided in the Southeast (45.6%), worked in both the public and private sectors (61.4%), and had over 15 years of experience in obstetrics (48.9%). A large proportion of obstetricians (93.4%) stated that bacteria were associated with periodontal disease, and 94% reported that periodontitis was a condition more severe than gingivitis. In total, over 80% of participating obstetricians reported smoking, preeclampsia, bacterial vaginosis and periodontal disease as risk factors or possible risk factors for preterm birth or low birth weight. A correlation between the experience of the obstetricians and referral of their patients for dental examinations (p < 0.001) was observed. Also, obstetricians who had had their own dental visits more recently were more likely to recommend the same for their patients (p < 0.001). It is concluded that, although obstetricians were aware of the association between gingival inflammation and adverse obstetric outcomes, the attitudes of these professionals were not in agreement with their apparent knowledge regarding periodontal diseases and their possible repercussions.

No final da década de 70, ocorreu o primeiro relato de sucesso com a utilização de quimioterapia de alta dose, seguida de transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas autólogo (TCTH auto), em pacientes com linfoma não Hodgkin (LNH). Desde então, o TCTH autólogo vem se constituindo em um importante instrumento na estratégia de tratamento dos LNH. Inúmeros estudos, em vários subtipos de linfomas, têm consolidado o papel do TCTH autólogo, principalmente como resgate em recidivas de doença. O melhor momento para a incorporação desta estratégia depende do subtipo do linfoma, do status de doença previamente ao transplante (sensível ou resistente) e de fatores clínico-biológicos associados à doença. Em recidiva sensível de linfoma difuso de grandes células, o TCTH autólogo é a terapia de escolha. Nestes pacientes, o transplante promove taxas de resposta completa em até 50% dos casos, comparado a aproximadamente 15%, quando esse resgate é realizado com protocolos quimioterápicos convencionais. O seu papel como parte da terapia de indução de remissão não está totalmente estabelecido. Em linfomas indolentes, principalmente folicular, é a terapia de escolha nas recidivas sensíveis à quimioterapia de resgate. Em linfomas de células do manto, o TCTH autólogo tem se incorporado à terapia de primeira linha, como consolidação de remissão. As indicações de TCTH alogênico em LNH têm se limitado aos casos de refratariedade ao tratamento convencional e recidiva pós-transplante autólogo, em pacientes jovens e sem comorbidades, em decorrência da alta toxicidade associada à utilização de regimes de condicionamento mieloablativos. A utilização de regimes de condicionamento de intensidade reduzida tem reduzido a toxicidade e ampliado o seu uso nos LNH recidivados ou refratários.

High-dose chemotherapy (HDT) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) has proved to provide significant advantage regarding event-free and overall survival in patients with chemosensitive relapses of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) after conventional therapy. These results encouraged many investigators to use HDT as part of first-line therapy but the results are contradictory. There is no consensus regarding management of relapsed or refractory DLBCL. In follicular lymphomas, autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) is considered the treatment of choice for young patients with relapsed disease. Autologous SCT has also been evaluated in prospective trials as first-line treatment for high risk patients at diagnosis, but the results are not yet conclusive. In mantle cell lymphoma, autologous stem cell transplantation has been employed as part of first-line therapy. Allo-SCT for patients with lymphoma was first performed in the mid-1980s. The high transplant-related mortality, seen after myeloablative conditioning, discouraged broader interest in this approach and made further research difficult. The generally lower relapse rates after allo-SCT, the association of GvHD with reduced relapse rates, the increase of relapse rates after ex vivo or in vivo T-cell depletion, and the frequent responses to DLIs all support the existence of a graft-vs.-lymphoma effect. However, further data analysis supports the view that not all lymphomas are equal. While slowly proliferating diseases such as follicular lymphoma seem particularly sensitive targets for allogeneic T-cells, results of allo-SCT with aggressive B-cell lymphomas have been less convincing. Patients with these latter diseases obviously need vigorous debulking of their tumor prior to conditioning. Reduced-intensity conditioning fueled a renaissance of allo-SCT as treatment of lymphoma because the lower expected TRM was highly attractive for a patient population where the transplant-related death rate after myeloablative conditioning had, in many instances, exceeded 50%.

A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da HDS seguida do transplante autólogo como terapia de salvamento através da sobrevida global, livre de doença e livre de progressão bem como sua toxicidade. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo com 106 pacientes com LNH de alto grau de malignidade entre 1998 e 2006. A mediana de idade foi 45 anos (8-65); 62% homens; DLBCL, 78%; 12%, T e anaplásico e 9%, linfoma da zona do manto; 87%, células B; 83% estádios III-IV; 63% com sintomas B; 32% com infiltração da medula óssea ao diagnóstico; 62% com grande massa e 42% com IPI de alto risco ou intermediário. Após alta dose de ciclofosfamida (HDCY), nove pacientes faleceram. Oitenta pacientes realizaram o transplante, sendo que 47% estavam em RC e 15% faleceram devido à toxicidade. A sobrevida global foi de 45% em oito anos para estes pacientes. Trinta e cinco pacientes não realizaram o transplante por causas diversas. Sobrevida global para todos os pacientes foi de 42%, DLBCL, 40%; T-cell, 40% e zona do manto, 20% (P=NS). Pacientes que obtiveram RC após HDCY tiveram melhor sobrevida global e livre de progressão (38% e 17%, respectivamente) do que os que permaneceram em PD (P<0.0001). O modelo de Cox resultou que o número de linhas terapêuticas antes da HDCY (RR 1.41 IC 95%: 1.04-1.90, P=0.02) e PD antes da HDCY (RR 2.70, IC 95%: 1.49-4.91, P<0.001) e após HDCY (RR 5.38, IC 95%: 2.93-9.87, P<0.0001). Nosso estudo sugere que HDS é um método eficiente de tratamento para melhorar o status e reduzir a massa tumoral. Em relação à toxicidade, é factível, especialmente em pacientes de prognóstico ruim

Using the overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and progression free survival (PFS), as well as associated toxicity, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of HDS followed by ASCT as salvage therapy. A retrospective analysis was performed of 106 patients with high grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma receiving HDS followed by ASCT, between 1998 and 2006. Median age was 45 years (Range: 8-65), with 66 (62%) men. Histopathological classification was: 78% DLBCL patients, 12% T and anaplastic and 9% Mantle cell lymphomas; 87% had B cell and 12% T cell lymphomas; 83% were stage III-IV (Ann Arbor Staging), 63% had B symptoms, 32% had bone marrow involvement, 62% bulky disease and 42% high-intermediate or high risk IPI. After HDCY, 9 patients died, 7 from toxicity and 2 from sepsis. Eighty patients underwent ASCT, 47% were in complete remission (CR) and 15% died, all from toxicity. Their OS was 45% over 8 years. During the follow-up, another 35 patients died [4 CR, 1 partial response (PR), 2 relapsed disease (RD) and 28 disease progression (DP)], 11 (31%) had not performed ASCT. OS was 37%; DFS was 49% and PFS 28%. OS by diagnosis was 42% for DLBCL, 40% for T-cell (8 y) and 20% for Mantle Cell (6 y) (P=NS). OS by B symptom patients was 22% vs. 58% (P=0.002) and PFS was 23% vs. 37% (P=0.03). Patients who achieved CR after HDCY (38) had significantly better OS and PFS (38% and 17%) than patients who remained in DP (P<0.0001). Cox Regression demonstrated therapeutic lines before HDCY (Relative risk - RR = 1.41; CI 95%: 1.04-1.90; P= 0.02) and PD both before (RR = 2.70; CI 95%: 1.49-4.91, P<0.001) and after HDCY (RR = 5.38; 95% CI: 2.93-9.87; P<0.0001). Conclusions: Our study suggests HDS is an efficient treatment to improve status and to reduce tumoral burden. Regardless of toxicity-related mortality it is feasible, especially considering the poor prognosis of patients.